D – Lambeth Health Press

Dengue

Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti. It is common in tropical and subtropical regions and is considered a major public health concern globally. Although not endemic to the UK, dengue can affect travellers returning from endemic areas. Dengue ranges in severity from mild illness to severe, life-threatening complications such as dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Causes Dengue is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which belongs to the Flaviviridae family. There are four closely related serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4). Infection with one serotype provides lifelong immunity to that type but not to others. A second infection

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose). It occurs when the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or can’t use the insulin it produces effectively. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells to be used for energy. Without proper management, diabetes can lead to serious health complications. Causes There are different types of diabetes, each with different causes: Type 1 diabetes: Caused by an autoimmune reaction where the body attacks its own insulin-producing cells in the pancreas Type 2 diabetes: Usually due to insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, often linked to lifestyle factors Gestational

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs. It can cause swelling, pain, and redness. The main concern with DVT is that part of the clot can break off, travel to the lungs, and cause a life-threatening condition called pulmonary embolism (PE). Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent serious complications. Causes Blood flow slowing down (stasis) such as during long periods of immobility Damage to the blood vessel wall (trauma, surgery, inflammation) Increased tendency of blood to clot (hypercoagulable states) Cancer and chemotherapy Pregnancy and postpartum period Hormone therapy, especially oestrogen-containing medications like oral contraceptives

Condition A to Z: D

Dengue

Diabetes Mellitus

Deep Vein Thrombosis