I – Lambeth Health Press

Influenza

Influenza, commonly known as flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It affects the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. Although many cases are mild, influenza can cause severe illness and death, especially in vulnerable groups. Annual vaccination and good public health measures are key to prevention. Causes Influenza is caused by infection with influenza viruses. There are three main types affecting humans: Influenza A Influenza B Influenza C (causes milder symptoms) Influenza A and B are responsible for seasonal epidemics. Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes based on surface proteins (e.g., H1N1, H3N2). Pathophysiology Once inhaled, the virus binds to epithelial cells in the

Iron-Deficiency Anaemia

Iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common type of anaemia worldwide. It occurs when the body does not have enough iron to produce sufficient haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. In the UK, IDA is commonly encountered in both primary and secondary care and is often a sign of underlying chronic disease or blood loss. Identifying and managing the underlying cause is just as important as treating the anaemia itself. Causes The most common causes of iron-deficiency anaemia include: Chronic blood loss (e.g., heavy menstruation, gastrointestinal bleeding due to ulcers, polyps, or cancers) Inadequate dietary intake of iron Poor absorption of iron (e.g., coeliac disease, post-gastrectomy,

Condition A to Z: I

Influenza

Iron-Deficiency Anaemia